Programming language-Introducing a list of various types of languages For Bignner : For beginners

Programming language-Introducing

Currently, there are hundreds of programming languages ​​around the world, from major ones such as Java, PHP, C ++, and JavaScript to minor ones such as the Japanese programming language Himawari.

Which language to choose depends on the purpose, but this time we will introduce programming languages ​​from the perspective of "demand centered on recruitment" and "what can be made".

 Since the future, demand, and difficulty level differ depending on the language, we hope that it will be helpful when choosing the language to study first.

Programming language to choose according to demand

First, let's think about the demand for programming languages. Here, I would like to take a broad look from the three perspectives of "large number of job offers," "high average annual income," and "high market share.

Many job offers

First of all, I would like to compare based on the data of major recruitment sites. This time, we will use the data of the top 10 job openings as a result of actual search from the three major companies.

The number of job offers is the size of the demand for languages, which can be said to be the size of the market. Java, which has been adopted as a development language in various fields from the Web to mission-critical systems, games, and smartphone apps, is in high demand and stands out on any job site. Java is a stable language if you choose purely by job demand and market size.

Next, PHP, which is indispensable for web development, has also gained deep-rooted popularity, and has maintained the number of job openings following Java. PHP is also used in WordPress, which is the world's top share CMS, and is used by many websites, so it can be said that demand will continue to be stable.

Demand for Python, which has recently been in the limelight for AI development, and Ruby on Rails, a framework that is very popular for web application development, is growing because the number of engineers cannot keep up with the rapid market growth. In addition, C # and C ++, which are popular in JavaScript, core system and application development, and Web development that requires high-speed processing, which have come to be used in general Web development due to the enhancement of the server-side development environment, are also recruited. The numbers are stable.

Conversely, new languages ​​such as Swift, GO, and Kotlin are not in high demand because the market is still small and the number of job openings is often double digits.

High market share

Next, let's take a look at the share of the languages ​​that engineers are learning and using.
This time, I would like to take a look at the aggregated results of 2018 from Stack Overflow.

Although it is not a programming language, if you include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, etc. that are indispensable for web development, the share is as follows.

JavaScript In addition to being used in various parts of web content, it is also used on the backside and is used in a wide range of development fields, so it has a high market share. The high versatility directly leads to market share.

HTML As the name of HyperText Markup Language suggests, HTML was originally developed as a markup language, but with the advent of HTML5, APIs that support advanced processing have become available, and more advanced functions have been added compared to HTML4 and earlier. You can now develop and build your own web apps.

CSS It is a style sheet language that allows you to build dynamic web applications by combining JavaScript and HTML5 as well as decorating websites. This is also a high market share because it is virtually indispensable when displaying on a Web browser together with HTML.

SQL A database language for manipulating and defining data in a relational database management system (RDBMS). There are various derivations of RDBMS, and WordPress and Movable Type, which are famous as CMS, use MySQL. There are various types of SQL, but it has a high market share because it is often used when dealing with DB.

Java It is an object-oriented language that tends to be widely used by IT companies and has a large demand and market, especially in large-scale systems. It seems that it has a high market share because it is also used in Android development.

Bash / Shell Unix command language. It is used to perform various processing on Unix. It will be used frequently when dealing with the server used for development.

Python It is a versatile and popular language, but recently it has been in the limelight especially in machine learning and deep learning.

C # An object-oriented language of the C language series. You can develop a wide range of applications from web applications to Windows applications. Recently, it is also used in the framework Unity used for game development, so it has a high ranking.

PHP  It is a general-purpose language that can be said to have the top share in web application development, and is often used mainly as a scripting language. WordPress is one of the major products, and it still maintains a high ranking.

C ++ It is an object-oriented language of the C language series and is used for large-scale system development.

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From a global perspective, it is undeniable that people tend to lean toward web apps because the number of learners will increase in response to demand, but on the other hand, languages ​​that can be used in apps such as Java and C #, languages ​​that are often used in AI systems such as Python, etc. It is characteristic that it is also rising.

A programming language to choose from what you want to do

So far, we have introduced programming languages ​​from an overall standpoint. However, the most important thing when actually choosing a language is "what to make".
From here, I would like to introduce programming languages ​​from the perspective of "what can be made".

Make a smartphone app

When making a smartphone app, the language differs depending on the OS on which it is based. I will introduce them in order.

Java, Kotlin

Java is a staple when developing apps for the Android OS, and in recent years Kotlin, a Java-based dedicated language, has been developed. Java and Kotlin can be said to be compulsory languages ​​for Android application development, as demand will continue to grow as smartphones become more widespread.

There are many sample sources that can be used to create apps, and there are many introductory books and websites that can be used as reference, so it is the best language to start with simple app creation.
The feature is that it can be developed using an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) developed by IBM called Eclipse.

Swift

A language for creating apps that can be used with Apple products such as iOS and MacOS. Although it is a compiled language, you can also run scripts as an interprinter.
Since it is developed using the integrated development environment Xcode developed by Apple, it cannot be developed on Windows OS.

It is a language that was originally developed in place of Objective-C and C ++, which were used to develop apps for Apple operating systems, and is also a new language that has just emerged. With the announcement of Swift 5 in March 2019, the Swift library will now be included in all MacOS, tvOS, and watchOS versions. This makes it easier to build apps and reduces app size than before.

Create a website

PHP

PHP is currently the most major language for creating dynamic content on the Web. It is used in many dynamic contents because it has a strong ability to link with DB, is easy to handle as a scripting language, and is fast.
WordPress, which is said to have a global market share of over 60% as a CMS, is also written in this language.
It is a convenient language because it is installed as standard on most rental servers and it does not take time to prepare the execution environment.

There are various frameworks, and typical ones are CakePHP, which incorporates many concepts of Ruby on Rails, and Laravel, which is also very popular on Github.

Ruby

It is a Japanese language that was developed against Perl, which had a large market share at the time of development, and was named Ruby for pearls. Since all the latest manuals and development information are released in Japanese at the same time as English, it is one of the languages ​​that Japanese people can easily acquire and learn information from among many languages.

When it first appeared, it was in the transition period from Perl's heyday to PHP, and the market share did not grow significantly, but now the demand for Ruby on Rails is expanding significantly in the Web development scene. It has a readable syntax and is characterized by a pure object-oriented language in which all data types are objects. It is also a highly practical language that aims to be fun to learn and use.

JavaScript

It is a language that cannot be avoided in web application development. When it first appeared, it was limited to simple dynamic expressions on websites written in HTML, but now it is used in general web development due to the enhancement of server-side JavaScript execution environment and various libraries. I am.

Like React Native, a framework developed by Facebook, mobile app development is also possible.
By combining with HTML and CSS, you can develop more interactive web applications, so it can be said that it is indispensable for web application development.

Make a desktop app

C #

It is a major language for iron plates as a development language for desktop applications for Windows.
It runs on the .NET Framework and is also a language that is good at memory management. Therefore, it is also used to develop large apps. It is also used in the development of web applications, taking advantage of its high speed.
Unity, which has recently become popular in mobile and browser game application development, is a cross-platform game engine whose engine is written based on C ++ and supports three programming languages: Unityscript (JavaScript), C #, and Boo.

AI / machine learning

If you want to create an AI development / machine learning program whose market has expanded rapidly in recent years, you have two choices: Python or R. It can be created in other languages, but its practicality at the business level is far from these two languages, including the richness of the library.

Python

AI is a language that is in the limelight in the field of deep learning, as if it were Python. Developed as a general-purpose programming language, it features high code readability and ease of writing. In addition, the main body is very small, and by supporting various libraries, it has abundant and huge tools, and users can expand the environment and functions according to their purpose.

Python is compatible with many operating systems and hardware, and is also suitable for cross-platform development. You can also write programs in multiple formats, including object-oriented, imperative, procedural, and functional.
Since it was developed for use in data science and science and technology computing from the beginning, Python has been used in AI development and machine learning because it matches the requirements of deep learning.

R language

It is a language developed for data analysis and statistical programming, and was used in academic and research fields. Since it was created as a statistical analysis language from the time of design and development, it specializes in data analysis and statistical analysis, and it can be said that it is by far the best language compared to other languages.

The R language is also full of extensions and libraries that are not inferior to Python. Since there is an IDE called RStudio, the hurdles for introduction are low, and you can easily prepare a machine learning environment by introducing a package for machine learning.

To study

So what are some ways to actually learn a language? The method varies greatly depending on what you want to learn and how you want to learn, and how much skill you want to achieve, but here we will explain it in three major categories: books, the web, and schools.

Learn from books

There are various books from introductory books to some applications and technical books for experts. When a person who has no programming experience comes into contact with a language for the first time, the system is integrated from environment construction to language structure and way of thinking, explanation of environment and demand surrounding the language, elementary program code sample, and application. So it's a good idea to buy one introductory book to get started.
In particular, O'Reilly's "First Time" series is recommended because it can be learned from scratch and is comprehensively written.

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Learn on the web

There are various information sites online, including the official website of the language, depending on the programming language. Most of them are basically released for free, and Software Development Kit (SDK) is also distributed, so if you want to get in touch with the language first, look for an online introductory site for beginners. Would be good.

Many sites publish sample source code, and you can acquire intermediate or higher skills by using Github,  & Search Google which can be said to be a source code sharing site.
However, in addition to the ability to search for the information you need, you may need English proficiency to look up more advanced information.

Go to school

If you want to spend money and learn at once in a certain period of time, it is easy and recommended to go to a programming school.
Currently, there are many online schools, and schools with various characteristics such as Tech Academy, Code camp, TECH :: CAMP, Dot Install, Probate, and Piazza are developing.
Depending on the language, some schools have a development environment on the cloud, so you can touch the code immediately without installing an SDK or preparing the development environment. In addition, many schools have videos and tutorials, and you can learn the language efficiently in a short time by learning according to the items.
Depending on the school, introductory courses may be open to the public free of charge, so you can try various things when choosing a school according to your purpose and your skill level.

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